Under which circumstance may a court grant access to documents maintained by a court?

The correct answer is that access to documents maintained by a court may be granted by filing a formal motion. In the context of New South Wales civil practice, a formal motion is essential because it allows the court to consider the specific circumstances and reasons for granting access to documents. This procedure ensures transparency and compliance with legal protocols.

Filing a motion requires the applicant to outline the grounds for their request, providing the court with the necessary context to make an informed decision. Such procedures are designed to protect the interests of all parties involved, as well as maintain the integrity of the judicial process.

The other options highlight scenarios that could not appropriately facilitate access to court documents. For example, before a trial begins, access may be limited due to ongoing processes or pending legal matters. Similarly, granting access without notifying the parties involved would undermine due process, as it could affect their legal rights and interests. Lastly, documents are not given automatically upon request, as this could lead to improper disclosure or misuse of sensitive information. The requirement of a formal motion ensures that requests are handled judiciously and with adequate legal oversight.