Which of these situations requires leave from the court to file further pleadings?

Filing further pleadings in civil procedure, particularly in New South Wales, typically requires leave from the court after the initial pleadings have been submitted. The principle behind this requirement is to maintain the orderly progression of cases and to ensure that parties are not unfairly surprised by new claims that arise too late in the proceedings.

When a party wishes to introduce additional pleadings that go beyond the first set, express permission from the court is necessary to avoid disrupting the established procedural framework. This allows the court to manage its docket effectively and to provide fairness in the litigation process, as all parties should be aware of the claims and defenses being asserted against them.

Other scenarios, such as motions or claims of unliquidated damages, do not inherently require leave in the same manner as additional pleadings. Personal injury claims, while they can be complex and may involve certain procedural requirements, also do not uniformly necessitate leave for further pleadings unless they exceed the initial scope provided by the Rules. Hence, the necessity for leave applies specifically to the context of filing additional pleadings after the first set, making it the correct answer.