Which type of proceeding must be commenced by a summons according to UCPR r6.4?

The correct response is based on the requirement stated in the Uniform Civil Procedure Rules (UCPR) that specifies the procedure for certain types of legal proceedings. According to UCPR rule 6.4, proceedings that involve appeals or applications for leave to appeal must be initiated by a summons. This is because such matters require a specific procedural approach to deal with the complexities involved in reviewing decisions made by lower courts, necessitating clear and formal notification to all parties involved.

In contrast, other types of proceedings such as defamation cases, claims with international parties, or simple debt recovery cases may be commenced by other means (like a statement of claim) rather than a summons. This delineation helps to streamline the legal process and ensure that the appropriate rules are followed based on the nature of the case being addressed. Thus, recognizing that appeals and applications for leave to appeal are governed by this specific requirement underscores the importance of proper legal procedure in civil practice.